Rabu, 12 Januari 2011

Motor, Tokoh & Sejarah Perkembangannya

Bapak Sepeda Motor
Adalah Gottlieb Daimler, lahir di Schorndorf 17 Maret 1834, seorang ahli mesin berkebangsaan Jerman yang pertama kali berinovasi merakit sepeda motor pada tahun 1885 di negaranya Jerman. Tanpa begitu kita kenal, tapi sejarah perotomotifan mencatatnya sebagai Bapak Sepeda Motor.
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Awal mula penciptaan karyanya ini, dia desain sebuah sepeda kayu dengan empat roda, dimana terdapat dua tambahan roda dibelalakangnya, yang kalo kita lihat seperti roda pada sepeda anak-anak, kemudian dipasang sebuah mesin dengan pembakaran sempurna. Dengan kecepatan 10 km per jam dan 700 - 900 putaran permenit, hasil ujinya ini ia perkenalkan dan kemudian test ride pada 10 Nopember 1885 dengan menunjuk putranya sebagai rider.  Disinilah titik awal sejarah sepeda motor dimulai.
Harley Davidson
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William Sylvester Harley, seorang insinyur lulusan  universitas Wiconsin dan Arthur Davidson adalah dua sahabat yang merancang motor fenomenal sepanjang sejarah bernama Harley Davidson.
Awal sejarah motor HD  (baca : harley davidson) dimulai pada era 1901 yang mana keduanya, harley dan davidson pada saat itu berusia 21 dan 20 tahun. Ide untuk membuat sepeda bertenaga mesin tercetus saat Harley bekerja sebagai juru gambar dan Davidson sebagai perancang pola di pabrik sepeda di Milwaukee, wiconsin.
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Pada tahun 1903 bengkel pertama mereka dirikan yang kemudian mereka namakan ‘Harley Davidson Motor Co’. Sebuah motor baru berselinder tunggal dengan kekuatan 3DK berkelir hitam dan diberi nama HD DeDion pun tercipta. Karena cepat usang, rangka barupun Davidson rancang.
Tahun 1904 tren motor dengan bahan bakar bensin mulai diperkenalkan Davidson dan hasilnya sangat mencengangkan, masyarakat begitu meminatinya. Dua motor sekaligus mereka ciptakan.
V-Twin yang pertama adalah dengan memakai mesin dua silinder dengan konfigurasi huruf  ‘V’  diciptakan pada tahun 1909. Inovasi ini, tercatat paling fenomenal dalam sejarah perkembangan HD. Dengan suara ngebass bergemuruh, sungguh memberikan kesan macho !
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Pada tahun 1943, Harley meninggal akibat serangan jantung. Desember 1950, Arthur Davidson meninggal dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas. Enam belas tahun kemudian istri dan anaknya Davidson pun meninggal dalam kecelakaan yang sama, dalam kecelakaan mobil.
Vespa ( Si Lebah Besi )
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Pada akhir perang dunia kedua, saat perekonomian Italia pada krisis paling terpuruk, seorang berkebangsaan Italia, Enrico Piaggio, mengambil alih perusahaan ayahnya Rinaldi Paggio yang awalnya memproduksi peralatan kapal, kereta api lalu beralih ke pesawat terbang, memutarhaluan untuk mendisain alat transportasi murah.
Terilhami teknologi pesawat terbang, dengan body alumunium seperti layaknya pesawat terbang dan diadaptasi dari roda pesawatnya juga, dibantu Corradino D’Ascanio Enrico, konstruksi suspensi mono shock memudahkan alat transportasi 150 cc ini saat penggantian ban.
Pada tahun 1945 vespa pertama kali diciptakan. Sedangkan namanya sendiri diambil dari kata ‘west’ yang artinya binatang penyengat ataw lebah. Sepintas, kalo dilihat dari atas, konstruksi vespa memang menyerupai binatang ini.
HONDA
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Soichiro Honda lahir 17 Nopember 1906 di Hamamatsu, Shizuoko, Jepang adalah seorang industrialis tak bergelar ( drop out dari kuliahnya) yang mengalami kegagalan demi kegagalan pada awal karirya.
Tahun 1922 saat usianya 15 tahun ia bekerja di bengkel Hart Shokai company. Berbekal pengalaman membantu pada bisnis ayahnya sebagai reparasi sepeda, Honda muda begitu cekatan dan berprestasi di bengkel barunya. Dia juga sbg penggagas roda2 dari logam pada mobil yang awalnya dari kayu. Dan pada tahun 1937 Honda mematenkan karyaya tersebut dan bahkan telah diekspor ke seluruh dunia.
Honda mulai membuka Industri berat sendiri yang diberi nama Tokai Seiki Heavy Industri. Bengkel tersebut membuat piranti ring piston. Namun karena tidak memenuhi standard, piranti tersebut pun ditolak pihak Toyota. Dari kegagalan tersebut, Honda mulai kuliah lagi untuk mendapatkan ilmu dalam penyempurnaan penciptaan pirantinya. Berkat kegigihannya dan perkembangan ilmu yang dimilikinya, Toyota pun menerima pirantinya.
Gempa bumi dan pemboman Hiroshima menyebabkan pabriknya hancur. Honda pun mulai merintis usaha kembali sampe akhirnya pada tahun 1947 menjadi titik balik keberhasilan Honda. Honda mendirikan pabrik, dimana pada sepedadia pasangi motor kecil. Motor ini sangat diminati tetangganya. Dan dengan strategi pemasaran yang baik dan cerdas, motor ciptaannya ini mampu bersaing secara ekspor dengan Harley Davidson dan Triumph. Bahkan di Indonesia sendiri, motor keluaran Honda memiliki market sendiri dan paling atas pada jenis kendaraan roda dua. Pada tahun 1991 Soichiro Honda meninggal.
YAMAHA
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Torakusu Yamaha lahir dari keluarga samurai di Nagasaki pada 20 April 1851.
Berawal sebagai interior instrument, dia menciptakan organ ciptaannya dibawah perusahaan Yamaha Fukin Manufacturing yang membuatnya terkenal dengan logonya Tiga Garpu Tala sekaligus menobatkannya ke pelosok dunia sebagai pencipta organ pertama di jepang.
Tahun 1955 dia mendirikan pabrik alat musik, Nippon Gakki di Hamamatsu dan juga membuat sepeda motor sebagai pengaplikasian ilmu yang awalnya dia dapat pada saat memproduksi baling2 pesawat terbang sebelum perang dunia dua. Motor pertama yang ia ciptakan adalah Atakombo ataw YA1 alias Red Dragon Fly ataw capung merah. Single silinder 2 stroke, berkekuatan 125 cc.
Tahun 1957 Yamaha menciptakan Twin Cylinder YDI 175 cc dan memenangkan Race Mount Asama di jepang dengan jumlah produksi 15.811 unit.
Tahun 1959 motor sport pertama ia ciptakan, YDSI, dengan 5 kecepatan gearbox.
Tahun 1960 produksi meningkat 6 kali lipat dan terkenal sebagai pabrikan pembuat motor 2 tak terbaik untuk varian YDS250 cc dan YRI 350 cc dengan penerapan sistem autolube untuk pencampuran oli secara otomatis.
Tahun 1970 yamaha telah menciptakan 20 jenis mulai dari 50 cc hingga 350 cc dan telah melebarkan sayapnya dengan mendirikan pabriknya di Thailand hingga terkenal dan diminati ke seluruh manca negara sampai sekarang.
SUZUKI
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Michio Suzuki, adalah dibalik lahirnya motor pabrikan Jepang ini. Doktor lulusan Illionis USA ini awalnya sebagai pebisnis pembuatan alat tenun yang kemudian gulung tikar pada saat perang dunia II dan beralih ke motor.
Power free, tahun 1952, motor dengan ontelan dengan dibantu mesin yang memungkinkan pengendara untuk mengontel,  kapasitas 35 cc, single cylinder, 2 stroke dengan 2 sprocket system adalah motor pertama yang ia ciptakan. Kemudian lahir Diamond free dengan engine 60 cc dan pada 1954 Colleda mesin 90 cc dengan single cylinder dan 4 stroke mampu memproduksi 6000 unit dalam sebulan.
Jenis keluaaran Suzuki Motor Co. Ltd diantaranya adalah Colleda 125 cc 4 stroke, Colleda ST 125 cc, T500 thn 1967, GT500 tahun 1977, GS750, GT750, GS 1000 tahun 1978, GSX 1000 1980, GSX 1100 katana tahun 1982, GSX R750, GSX R1100, GSX 1300R.
Mesin powerfull dengan gaya modern dan harga ringan menjadikan suzuki sukses dipasaran. Dan Sistem elektrik starter pada motor  Colleda tahun 1954 adalah terobosan pertama yang sebelumnya belum digunakan oleh kompetiter2 lainnya.
KAWASAKI
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Dibalik nama besar kawasaki yang makin pesat perkembangannya di Indonesia untuk jenis sport dan Trail, tercatat nama Shozo Kawasaki sebagai siempunya ide.
Kawasaki adalah pabrikan yang awal mulanya bergerak di bidang kapal, perakitan kapal, lokomotif, pesawat, motor, misil, kapal selam, super tanker dan pada PD II oleh sekutu dijadikan sebagai pembuat baja dibawah naungan Kawasaki Steel Corp.
Tahun 1949, karena kerjasamanya dengan BMW di bidang pesawat terbang, awal pertama kawasaki memproduksi motor roda dua dengan mengadopsi teknologi BMW jerman. Lahir motor dengan kekuatan 2 stroke 60 cc, kemudian 4 stroke 150 cc dan 250 cc.
Perlu diketahui, Kawasaki dianggap sebagai ‘king of Four Stroke’ oleh Honda, Yamaha dan Suzuki.
Jenis keluaran Kawasaki diantaranya, Z97 ( 500 cc rocker-valve, 250 cc, 350 cc), single cylinder dan twin cylinder 650 cc dan 500 cc,  W1650 tahun 1966 dengan power 47 HP pada 6500 RPM, W1SS dengan exhaust muffler tahun 1967,  W3 sebagai penyempurnaan W2SS yang mengadopsi dual disc front brake pada tahun 1973, W tahun 1974, A1 250 cc dan A7 350 cc.
Untuk pemasarannya sendiri di Indonesia, kawasaki termasuk paling pesat untuk motor jenis sportnya dan punya kelas tersendiri.

Minggu, 14 November 2010

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Inevitably, the existence of computers today is no longer a luxury, this tool has been used in various fields of work, including in education.
The introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) is expected to make rapid changes that have daam kehidupang additions and changes in the use of various ICT products.
Through its Information and Communication Technology Devices, we can find, explore, analyze, and exchange information efficiently and effectively. ICT will help us, Getting ideas quickly and exchange experiences from various walks of life.
Thus, the initiative is expected to develop attitudes and self-learning ability, so that which we can decide and consider himself when and where to use ICT appropriately and optimally, including the implications of current and future.
Information Technology and Communications includes two aspects, namely Information and Communications Technology. Information Technology, covering all matters relating to process, use as a tool, manipulation, and management information. While the Communication Technology is all things relating to the use of tools to process and transfer data from one device to another
Therefore dna Communication Technology Information Technology is an inseparable counterpart containing the broader sense of all activities associated with permrosesan, manipula management and transfer / transfer of information between the media.
In particular, the purpose of studying information and communication technology are:
1. makes us aware of the potential development of information and communication technologies continue to change so motivated to evaluate and study this technology as a basis for lifelong learning.2.memotivasi kemmapuan us to be able to adapt and anticipates the development of ICT, so that it can implement and mejalani kehidupang daily activities independently and more confident.3mengembangkan our competence in the use your information and communication technology to support learning activities, work and share the activities of daily life4.mengembangkn ICT-based learning capabilities, so that optimal learning can be more interesting and we mendorang more skilled in communication skills used to organize information and work together.5.mengembangkan self-learning ability, initiative, innovative, creative and responsible in the use of information and communication technologies for learning work and problem solving in everyday situations
current Ministry of Education program of information and communication technology development on a large. There are three important quantities posis progra Ministry of Education in ICT development, namely:
1. honesty ICT field became one department at SMK. ICT development is technically both hardware and software into the education curriculum. establishment of ICT centers throughout Indonesia. for connecting schools around the ICT center was built WAN (Wireless Area Network) city.
2. Pustekkom as one of the spearhead in the development of interactive educational TV, E learning high school. This program aims to narrow the gap between education kualits big city with the region.

3.jardiknas (jeraring national education), aims to integrate the two programs above in order to form a network that connects all the schools in Indonesia.sehinggal estimated in despair before all schools in indonesxia be connected to the internet to see a program that is held by dephkinas we can use these facilities because it is open

Materials for Assembling a PC (computer)



Before Assembling a PC (Personal Computer) material / component of what is needed.The materials needed include:
1.Motherboard




Main board (motherboard) is a circuit board on which electronic components are connected like on a PC or Macintosh and commonly abbreviated to mobo said.
2.Prosesor




Main board (motherboard) is a circuit board on the which electronic components are connected like on a PC or Macintosh and commonly Grup mobo said.
2.Prosesor




Physical memory is a generic term that refers to the temporary data storage media on the computer. Each program and data being processed by the processor will be stored in physical memory. The data stored in physical memory is temporary, because the data stored in it will remain for the computer is still powered (in other words, the computer was still alive). When the computer is reset or turned off, the data stored in physical memory will be lost.
4.VGA Card




VGA stands for Video Graphics Adapter, is an analog computer display standard first marketed by IBM in 1987.Istilah VGA is also commonly used to refer to the resolution of the screen size of 640 × 480, whatever graphics card hardware manufacturer. VGA card is useful to translate the computer output to the monitor. For the graphic design process or playing video games, needed a high-powered graphics card.
5.Soud Card




Sound card (Sound Card) is a computer hardware used to make a sound and record your suara.Ketika listening to the sound card, sound in the form of digital data waveform. Wav or mp3 sent to the sound card. This digital data is processed by the DSP (Digital Signal Processing: Digital Signal Processing) to work with the DAC (Digital Analog Converter: Digital to Analog Conversion). Changing the digital signal into an analog signal, which is then amplified and analog signals out through the speakers.
6.Hardisk




Hard drive or hard disk drive HDD is an abbreviated hardware component that stores data disc containing magnetis.Data secondary and stored in the hard disk will not be lost when not given voltage. In a hard disk, there are usually more than one disc to enlarge the capacity of data that can be accommodated.
7.Optical drive




Optical Drive consists of several kinds, among others:1.CD-ROM is read only (only readable and not writable). Forcan read the contents of the CD-ROM, the main tool needed is a CD Drive.2.CD-RW is a CD-ROM that can be written back.3.DVD-ROM is read only (only readable and not writable). Forcan read the contents of the DVD-ROM, DVD-ROM excess can read DVDs4.DVD-RW is a DVD-ROM that can be written back.5.DVD-term Combo DVD-ROOM that can write CDs
PSU / Power Supply



PSU is supplying power supply voltage requirement segalah on computer hardware
Other equipment is a data cable to Hardik & Optical Drive.
Including casing the place of all components of the PC that we will assemble this material may be useful for friends as well.

The parts on the mainboard CPU

Before performing the assembly we must first recognize that there are parts of the motherboard / computer main board, so we know where the location of the components that we will pasang.Bagian-section in the motherboard there are several kinds, among others:

1.Socket Processor


The above is an example of the processor socket type general LGA using that for dual-core processor & P4 Core2 Duo.

and that this is a common socket 478 type processors using that for the beginning to the P4-P4 3.0after it developed a new processor that has a higher speed is generally categorized by many people dengfan Processor Socket LGA designation.

2.Socket processor fan not far from the processor

3.Slot Memory/RAM (Random Access Memory)


4IDE-1 (IDE PRIMARY) & IDE-2 (SECONDARY IDE) 40-pin socket that is connected to the HDD & CD-ROM we commonly call the ATA socket.


5.Socket FDD (Floppy Disk Drive) : to Floppy Disk, 34 Pin

6.20 pin ATX power connector & 4pin.terkadang for series mainboard socket 478 no 4 pins, all depending on the mainboard of each.


7.PCI (Peripheral Card Interconect) used for the components of ADD ON VGA Card, Sound Card, LAN Card, USB Card, Internal Modem, etc. Internal TV Tuner. yand universal card would depend on instalkan into this slot


8.Slot AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port) untuk VGA Card.

VGA socket type terbaru.Disebut as PCI Express. Generally there is a slot on the mainboard of the latest series, especially series mainboard series LGA & new spending.

9.Chipset Northbridge: Regulatory CPU type, memory type, AGP slot, PCI slots and bus speed (onboard) just adjacent to the processor socket.10.Chipset South Bridge: Pegendali IDE, USB, Serial & Parallel Ports, Keyboard, Onboard soundcard, and all ports in addition to the VGA port

Above the physical form of the chipset tersebut.Gambar below the position where the two chipsets.

The chipset in the market generally use a lot of Intel chipsets, Via, SIS etc..

11.Chipset BIOS (Basic Input Output System): to store the BIOS program


Bios Chipset other forms



12.Batterai Backup BIOS: to save the BIOS settings when the computer is turned off is located adjacent to the chipset bios.
13.Jumper BIOS Reset: to reset the BIOS settings so that the return to factory settingslocated adjacent to the chipset bios
14.Front Panel Connector: To connect the panel in front of the chasing computerFront panel is generally there are two panels to usb / usb headers & panels for lights & reset button / power.




front panel to panel for lights & reset button / power.


front panel to panel for USB
15.Real Panel / Port


Rear panel port / port of the back usually consists of a keyboard port (blue)mouse port (green), serial port, LPT port for printer / scanner type long, sound & VGA port (onboard), LAN port depends on the type of output Mainboard.

Examples of sketches pictures on the CPU rear panel

Computer Networking

Computer network is a collection of a number of devices in the form of computers, hubs, switches, routers, or other network device that is connected with the use of certain communication media (Wagito, 2005). Devices that connect to the network referred to as nodes. This allows users to exchange documents and data, print on the same printer, and use network resources (hardware and software) ada.Sebuah computer networks usually consist of 2 or more computers and perform data sharing between computers. Information and data moves through the medium of communication. Communication media used in making computer networks include cable, telephone lines, radio waves, satellite, bluetooth or infrared. Use of this communication medium will depend on the usefulness and the size of the network.

FLOOPY DISK

Floppy disk drive is the standard usage consists of 2 sizes of 5.25 "and 3.5" which each have 2 types of capacity Double Density (DD) and High Density (HD).
Floppy disk 5.25 "capacity is 360 Kbytes (for DD) and 1.2 Mbytes (for HD). While the floppy disk 3.5 "capacity is 720 Kbytes (for DD) and ntuk HD). Capacity that can be accommodated by the floppy disk is likely to be small, especially when compared with the needs of data transfer and storage of increasingly large. Floppy disks can only store text files, because of limited capacity. However, the writing on the floppy disk can be performed repeatedly, despite consuming a relatively long time.

Hardisk

 As floppy disks, hard drives also store data in the form of tracks, sectors, and clusters. Sector recorded the computer operating system based on its cluster. Windows operating system provides a unique number to each cluster and record address of the file on your hard drive using the virtual file allocation table (VFAT, Virtual File Allocation Table). VFAT is one method to save and find files based on the cluster address is used. Therefore, VFAT contain every value in every cluster that describes the location of the disk where the cluster is located. Sometimes the operating system considers a cluster as a cluster that is being used, although at that cluster does not contain any files. This is called a lost cluster, and users can liberate these clusters (which means you can add disk space) using ScanDisk utility in Windows.
C.1. Nonremovable hard drive (HDD Internal)
Internal nonremovable hard drive is hard to remain in the unit and the computer system used to store almost all programs and most of the data file. Notebook type consists of several metal or glass plate (glass) 1 to 5.25 inch in diameter (generally 3.5 inches), arranged in the form of coils and contains data on both sides piringannya. Read / write head located on each side of the disc, arranged by the activator arm that moves back and forth to find the exact location on the disc. All these components are protected in anti-air packaging that can be free from impurities such dust.
Nonremovable hard drive capacity varies between 40 to 300 gigabytes. There's even a hard drive terabyte unit has reached the equivalent of thousands of gigabytes. One gigabyte is roughly equivalent to writing all the 20,000 pages, while video and sound files are usually size 10 megabytes or more.
Disk rotation is much faster than disk, so the data / programs on the hard drive can be accessed faster. The speed of the hard disk expressed with units of revolutions per second (rpm), which ranges from 5400 to 7200 rpm. Disk rotation speed only 360 rpm, while the hard drive at 7200 rpm (roughly equivalent to the speed of 300 miles per hour).
C.2. Portable Hard Drive (HDD External and Removable)
There are two types of portable hard drives, among others:

    
* External hard drives, external hard drive is a hard drive that can be placed outside the unit remains berpembungkus system and anti-air. Through cable, hard drive connected to the computer system unit to the FireWire port, USB or other ports. Minimum capacity of 250 gigabytes.
Removable hard drive, removable hard drive or hard-drive cartridge consists of one or two discs equipped with head read / writes, protected in rigid packaging and can be inserted into the cartridge drive unit of microcomputer systems. Catridge, with a capacity of 80 gigabytes or more, usually used for backups and move data files are large, such as a spreadsheet file or desktop-publishing-sized